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Insomnia and sleep disorders

Insomnia represents 90% of sleep disorders and is the most frequent of psychiatric disorders, affecting in the chronic form from 10 to 13% of the Italian population and in the acute and transient forms up to 60%.

The prevalence of insomnia and particularly poor subjective sleep quality increases with age.

About 50% of the elderly population reports insomnia and overall dissatisfaction with sleep quality.

In recent years, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, insomnia symptoms seem to have surpassed the frequency of anxiety or depressive symptoms in Italy.

Disorders (symptoms) caused by insomnia include:

  • difficulty falling asleep
  • lying awake in bed, for long periods during the night
  • getting out of bed many times during the night
  • waking up early in the morning and not falling back asleep
  • not feeling rested when waking up
  • difficulty taking a nap during the day while feeling tired
  • feeling tired and irritable during the day and having difficulty concentrating

Some people may experience episodes of insomnia that come and go without causing serious problems. In others, however, insomnia can last for months and even years. In these cases, persistent insomnia is associated with significant daytime discomfort and impaired daytime functioning: it adversely affects psychosocial, physical, and occupational functioning, psychosocial, physical, and occupational functioning, most commonly characterized by fatigue ⁄ lethargy, mood disorders, cognitive inefficiency and motor impairment, social distress, and nonspecific physical complaints.

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